Franklin Delano Roosevelt Biography Examples

Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as America’s 32nd President. He came into power during The Great Depression and is one of the leaders who made a great impact in American economy and politics. His famous for championing for the New Deal; that was geared towards lifting America out of it then economic crisis. Both his critics and supporters would agree that he was one of America’s most influential presidents. Below is a short biographical account of Roosevelt’s life, political career and contributions to the American economy. Early Life and Education Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Both his parents, James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano were form wealthy New York families of English decent. His early life was mostly influenced by his mother who was more dominant in his parenting than his father. Coming from such a wealthy family, Roosevelt grew up privileged. This life exposed him to several sports like polo, golf, shooting, sailing and rowing. He also travelled frequently to Europe; which made him fluent in French and German languages. Roosevelt went to Groton School which was a boarding school in Massachusetts. During his period in school, Roosevelt was greatly influenced by his head teacher, Mr. Anderson Peabody who taught them the responsibility of a Christian in uplifting the less fortunate in society. He later joined Harvard where he studied economics. He was the editor in chief of The Harvard Crimson Daily Newspaper. His fifth cousin Theodore Roosevelt became president during this period. President Theodore Roosevelt was his role model and a big influence in his leadership. He graduated from Harvard in 1903 with and received an honorary LLD from Harvard in 1929. Roosevelt married Eleanor, his fifth cousin who he met at a White House party. They got engaged when Roosevelt was 22 and Eleanor was 19. Despite resistance from his mother, they got married in 1905. His mother was a frequent visitor in his home in Springfield where they settled. This made the wife a bit uncomfortable. Between 1906 and 1916, they had all their six children, closely spaced. The marriage was however, not without scandal as Roosevelt had a long standing affair with a secretary, Lucy Mercer and also an alleged affair with his private secretary. Political Career Roosevelt was a democrat; he first vied for political office in 1910. He contested for the New York State Senate in Duchess County. His success in this election is attributed t his wealth, family name and great influence of the Roosevelt family in Hyde Park. Roosevelt got associated with a group, which opposed Tammany Machine. He led the group in campaigning against this group’s chosen candidate for the New York senate. His success in this put him in the national limelight and made him known to many. He was reelected to senate in 1912 and served as the chairman to the Agricultural Committee where he introduced many successful bills on farm and labor. He resigned from New York State Senate in 1913 and took up his appointment as Secretary to the US Navy. This appointment was by Woodrow Wilson who Roosevelt had supported in opposition to the Tammany Machine. Roosevelt made an attempt in running for U.S New York Senate seat and was defeated. This was attributed to the lack of support from Wilson’s side; this saw the victory for the candidate sponsored by the Tammany Group. The period during World War two saw Roosevelt try to introduce measures to support the war and combat the enemy. He was also in charge of dismantling the troupes after the war. He resigned from the position of Assistant Secretary to the Navy due to a much publicized sex scandal. He was chosen as the Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States by the 1920 Democratic National Convention. At this point he returned to practice law in New York but was poised to come back to politics. In 1921, Roosevelt suffered from an illness that was thought to be polio; this paralyzed him from the waist down. However, he never let the disease put him down. His condition was well kept from the public and he always appeared in public without a wheelchair. Between 1929 and 1932, Roosevelt served as New York State Governor. His first win was by a slight margin. During this period, he mended fences with most of his political enemies, including the Tammany Hall brothers. Presidential Elections and Presidency Having massive support from a populous state, Roosevelt stood a better chance of clinching the democratic nomination for the top presidency. Following his nomination, Roosevelt formed a coalition that included William Randolph Hearst, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., William Gibbs McAdoo and John Nance Garner who was given the vice-presidential nomination. This group brought together several different groups including minorities. It came to be known as The New Deal Coalition. Roosevelt was inaugurated as United States president on March 4th 1933. At this time America was going through its worst depression. Many people were jobless, several homes had been lost, famers were making losses and the cost of living was unbearable for many. This saw Roosevelt’s fierce intervention that was radical and impacted the poor and the vulnerable. This became known as ‘The New Deal’; which had its supporters and critics. Impact on the Economy through ‘The New Deal’ Policy The Wall Street Crash of October 1929 caused an unprecedented depression in American history. At the time, Franklin D. Roosevelt was the New York governor. With the Help of Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkins, he established the New York Emergency Relief Commission which was a great success that saw him win the Democratic presidential candidature for the 1932 general elections. This was due to his proposal of the New Deal. The depression greatly affected the economic status of women and the poor. About 20% of women in America were unemployed. For those who were employed, earnings were relatively low. However, the Civilian Conservation Corps taught women to be independent and created employment vacancies in some agencies of the new deal. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) focused on empowering farmers and creating job opportunities in the less modernized regions where these people lived. A hydroelectric power plant was revived to provide cheap power, control floods and provide recreational facilities for the residents. This would favor the Black Americans. The Farm Security Administration (FSA) offered â€Å"over $1 billion towards the establishment of camps for migrant workers.† Mexican Americans were to reap the benefits of this provision. The Indian reorganization act of 1934 was enacted to bring to an end the disposition of tribal lands. Furthermore, it was to deliver the unallocated lands to the native groups. This was good for the natives. Owing to this, the New Deal was acclaimed for addressing the woes of the minority groups who had been pressed by discrimination and racial segregation. The three main things that the New Deal sought to address; unemployment, recovery and structural reforms greatly impacted the lives of women and the underprivileged. Even though the New Deal had its failures, its successes can be seen on the improvements that it brought to American women in job creation and policy change. Due to the success and popularity of the New Deal, his second presidential bid against Alf Randon was won with a landslide. The Democrats also won a majority of seats.  Ã‚   The two- term legislation had not taken effect and this saw Roosevelt go for a third and fourth term. Roosevelt saw America through the World War two and spearheaded major legislations and US involvement in the war. His health started failing in 1944 and died of a massive stroke on 29 April 1945. Roosevelt’s journey to the presidency was long and can be viewed as inevitable, owing to his background and place in the society. His legislations and policies, especially The New Deal; stood up for the poor even though he was from a privileged background. Indeed Roosevelt’s leadership made a great impact in America’s history and destiny. Bibliography Ellis, Halley. The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly. New York: Fordham University Press, 1995 Burns, James Macgregor. Roosevelt (vol. 1).New York: Easton Press, 1956 Jean, Smith Edward. FDR. New York: Random House, 2007 Winkler, Allan. â€Å"The New Deal: Accomplishments and Failures.† Banking: Senate. 32009. http://banking.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.ViewFileStore_id1022a46e-33f1-4d4d-ac38-381541c0d2ff

Descartes Method Of Doubt Essay - 1881 Words

Question: Describe Descartes’ â€Å"method of doubt.† What beliefs does Descartes think survive his method of doubt? Do you agree with his arguments? Renà © Descartes (1556-1650) considered a rationalist claims that before we can describe reality or what it means to exist, one must know what reality and existence is. Descartes proposed that it is pointless to claim something is real without justification. However for something to be justified it must be also be indubitable. In [Renà © Descartes, Meditation I, 1641] Descartes argues that ones beliefs can be systematically doubted. All truths, for example; beliefs, ideas, thoughts, and matter should be doubted in order to build a belief system that is indubitable. In this essay I will discuss the methods of doubt; these include perceptual illusions, the dream problem, and a deceiving God. I will also discuss the phrase I am, I exist and I am a thinking thing that passed the method the doubt. I will use these methods of doubt and phrases to explain why the arguments are either weak or strong and whether I agree to their meaning. The Method of Doubt Descartes’s task in essence was to create a system that would support indubitable knowledge; a creation that would allow a foundation for the expansion of the truth and remove all doubt from knowledge. This means that if something is to be true it is to be known beyond all reasonable and possible doubt. To do this Descartes uses the following method: 1. Accepting only information thatShow MoreRelatedDescartes Method Of Radical Doubt1819 Words   |  8 PagesDescartes’ method of radical doubt focuses upon finding the truth about certain things from a philosophical perspective in order to truly lay down a foundation for ideas that have the slightest notion of doubt attached to them. He believed that there was â€Å"no greater task to perform in philosophy, than assiduously to seek out, once and for all, the best of all these arguments and to lay them out so precisely and plainly that henceforth all will take them to be true demonstrations† (Meditations, 36)Read More Descartes Method of Doubt Essay2584 Words   |  11 PagesDescartes Method of Doubt In this essay I will assess Descartess employment of his Method of Doubt, as presented in his Meditations on the First Philosophy [Descartes 1641]. I will argue that by implicitly accepting a causal model of perception, Descartes did not apply the Method of Doubt as fully as he could have. The Method of Doubt Descartess principal task in the Meditations was to devise a system that would bring him to the truth. He wanted to build a foundational philosophy;Read MoreA Method of Doubt and Descartes Essay3440 Words   |  14 PagesA Method of Doubt and Descartes In his first meditation, Descartes sets out with amazing clarity and persistence to clear himself of every false idea that he has acquired previous to this, and determine what he truly knows. To rid him of these rotten apples he has developed a method of doubt with a goal to construct a set of beliefs on foundations which are indubitable. On these foundations, Descartes applies three levels of skepticism, which in turn, generate three levels at which our thoughtsRead MoreDescarte and Pierce Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes and Peirce both believe in belief and doubt. However, Peirce argument and determination to find a solution to overcome doubt is much stronger than Descartes’. Peirce also makes it known that he is aware of belief in which Descartes does not. Their beliefs result from the notion of clear and distinct ideas. Peirce and Descartes are both rationalists who believe that there is an independent truth and they know it when they see it. The problem that exists is that Descartes and Peirce realizeRead MoreDescartes : Synopsis Of Meditations 1987 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes: Synopsis of meditations 1, 2, 3 (p530-546) In what follows, I will summarize and come up with some explications to the first three meditations covered by Descartes. The first deals with the method of doubt, the second deals with the human mind and body, and finally the third with the existence of God. I will summarize these parts separately, in that order. In the first meditation, the meditator, who’s Descartes, introduces us with â€Å"the method of doubt†. What is the method of doubtRead MoreA Brief Look at the Philosophy of Descartes Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Descartes created the Method of Doubt his main mission was to develop a method that would bring him to the real truth. It was important that his initial beliefs were absolute. If any of them were in doubt, then it put the entire structure of knowledge at risk. Thus, Descartes developed a method to get rid of those beliefs of which he could not be completely being confident in them. This process is called the Method of Doubt. The first action to do while using the Method of Doubt is using theRead MoreEssay about Descartes discourse on method931 Words   |  4 Pages Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate â€Å"for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.† (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreDescartes Discourse on Method931 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Descartes Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought. (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes was the firstRead MoreDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his own

Mary Shelleys Novel Frankenstein and Ridley Scotts...

Both Mary Shelleys 1818 novel Frankenstein and the Ridley Scotts 1982 movie Blade Runner depict a bleak future about the fallen dreams of science. Blade Runner is based on a novel called Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip K. Dick. Although Frankenstein was written a century and a half before Dicks book, the two stories share a similar dystopic vision of humanitys future. They also use similarly structured storytelling to explain the impetus towards self-mastery and mastery over the universe. Shelley depicts a doctor and mad scientist who creates a modern Prometheus, referring to the Greek Titan who steals fire from the gods in order to bestow the gift to humanity. The symbolism of Shelleys subtitle modern Prometheus sets the stage for the novels thematic development. Frankensteins monster commits acts of sacrifice just as the Titan does in Greek mythology. Like Prometheus, Frankensteins creation becomes a thorn in the side of the creator. The creator punishes the creation by completely isolating him from humanity, causing tremendous suffering due to social isolation. Shelleys theme is replicated again and again in science fiction literature, taking various forms as a story of a creator abandoning his or her creation. Blade Runner is one of those science fiction stories that draws from Frankensteins message of the poignant existential suffering that comes from being alienated socially and spiritually. In Blade Runner, a corporation plays the role

Do You Suffer From Nomophobia Or Cell Phone Vibration...

Do you suffer from nomophobia or cell phone vibration syndrome? In other words do you fear being without your phone or missing a text? If so you are not alone. â€Å"46% of smartphone owners say their smartphone is something they couldn’t live without† (Anderson). Americans say that they are dependent on their phones because it is their access point to the Internet. This number keeps increasing because of technological advancements. According to Jacob Davidson in the article â€Å"Here’s How Many Internet Users There Are†, it states that there are around 3 billion people accessing the Internet (Davidson). The Internet is something that everyone feels they need in their everyday life. It is our main source of information. If there is a question asked, most people will say â€Å"google it† to find out the answer. The Internet is a good thing that can provide instant answers, but when it’s use is combined with social apps and texting, c ell phone addiction can occur. The Washington Post states that â€Å"Teens are spending more than one-third of their days using media such as online video or music — nearly nine hours on average†(Tsukayama). Many teens spend their time on social apps such as Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. These are the some of the most frequently used apps that can be found on nearly all teenager’s cellular devices. A majority of teens use these apps combined with texting and the occasional phone call to communicate. â€Å"71% of teens use more than one social network

The Rights And Effectiveness Of Drugs - 1597 Words

Abstract This paper will explore The Kefauver–Harris bill that which ensured prescription drug manufacturers to provide proof of the security and effectiveness of drugs before administering them to consumers. The background information used in this paper comes directly from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration website as well as from The New England Journal of Medicine to give an in-depth view on how the amendment was established. The focus will be primarily on the effect of law, the criticism, support and opposition received as a result of the law’s ratification. Additionally, further discussion into the Kefauver-Harris Amendment from a Christian worldview. The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment Act’s Effect and How a Christian Health Administrator Would Implement This Law Isaiah 41:10 states, â€Å"do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you with my righteous right hand† (NIV). Of personal belief, God created us in his own image, and calls us to do genuine work with given skills and talents to fulfill the work he assigned us to do. The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment Act of 1962 took a while to pass, but with the compelling results found from the role of thalidomide and the riddles of unfortunate results, the law ultimately conquered all necessary outcomes. An overview of the law, a Christian worldview of the law, and provisions transpired in the process and as a result of the law, willShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overcoming Addiction1529 Words   |  7 Pagesfight is often lost. However, many people are turning to hypnotherapy in their fight against the rigors of drug addiction. That s right: they are literally getting hypnotized to stop using drugs. This might sound like a far fetched scenario from a silly B-movie, but it is actually a proven and scientific way to beat addiction. Understanding this treatment method can help you decide if it is right for you or if another alternative therapy is more your style. However, it s worth noting the success statisticsRead MoreEssay about Case Memo: Merck Global Health and Access to Medicines604 Words   |  3 PagesCase Memo: Merck Global Health and Access to Medicines The topic, human rights responsibilities of the drug companies, which is always controversial, however, is almost sharply defined in a report by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to health, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly in August 2008. 1 The ‘‘Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation to Access to Medicines’’ include responsibilities for transparency, management, monitoring and accountabilityRead MoreDr. George Albert Wrong Case1239 Words   |  5 Pagestreatment does not interfere with patient’s rights. Instead it ensures that patients are protected so that they can fully exercise their rights. 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One sideRead MoreThe Treatment Of Terminally Ill Patients1591 Words   |  7 Pagesshould have access to potentially lifesaving experimental drugs. There are three ways to get access to these drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has a program called Expanded Access. Clinical trials throughout the drug development process are another way to gain access. Recently, some states have been passing â€Å"Right-to-Try Laws (Larner, par. 1-5). The purpose of clinical development is to bring new drugs and therapies to patients. These drugs and therapies are studied and researched to be used forRead MoreComparison of Drug Courts or Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Battle Cocaine Addiction1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthe differences between the effectiveness of drug courts and cognitive behavioral therapy for cocaine addicts. We know that all people respond differently to therapy than others do, but it is good to be able to find the effectiveness and success rate of cognitive-behavioral therapy, and drug courts overall. But before we jump into the effectiveness of CBT, we need to know what the goal of CBT is and what the process is for CBT. Not only do we need to know the effectiveness and success rates of theseRead MoreThe Generic Vs Brand War1535 Words   |  7 Pageslack of effectiveness compared to Tylenol? Or are generics created equally to brand name medications, but the cost of brands is driven up due to their marketing? S hould doctors prescribe generics as an option for patients that are covered little or not covered at all by insurance? In the essay, we are going to put an end to the Generic vs Brand war. Every medicine has its own generic name, which is also known as its chemical name. The generic name is authorized by creators of the drug and usuallyRead MoreRevised Curriculum for Project ALERT Essay examples870 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescent drug use in America is a cause for concern. Drug use among adolescents contributes to deaths, traffic accidents, poor judgment, unsafe sexual behavior and other risky behaviors. According to the authors (2003), â€Å"drug prevention programs in schools are a critical element of the antidrug effort, yet only 9% of school districts are using programs whose effectiveness has been demonstrated through rigorous research (p.1830).† The US department of Education set one of the guidelines of itsRead MoreDrug Fda Center For Drug Evaluation And Research1420 Words   |  6 Pages Drug Approval Process - Relevant FDA Centers: The FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), the largest of six FDA centers, plays an essential rule in public safety and health by ensuring that the available drugs in the market are safe and effective for their proposed use. CDER mission is to regulate new drugs, including over-the-counter and prescription treatments, and provide doctors and patients with necessary information to use these drugs wisely and efficiently. 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Gertrude Stein and Cubist Poetry Essay Example For Students

Gertrude Stein and Cubist Poetry Essay Pamela Hades does not find Gertrude Steins work incomprehensible like so many others. Hades sees an unconventional coded style of writing in Tender Buttons using: rods, biographical elements that especially deal with her personal relationships, and universal themes of difference to drive meaning in her writing. Pamela Hades shows the innovation and unique usage of Steins language. In an interview with Robert Has in 1946 Stein claims that she became interested in individual words (as oppose to paragraphs or sentences), l took individual words and thought about them until I got their weight and volume complete and put them next to one another word, and at this same time I found out very soon that there is no such thing as putting them together without sense. It is impossible to put them together without sense. I made innumerable efforts to make words write without sense and found it impossible. Hades 58-59) The sounds of words, the multiple meaning of words, and other modernist views on word usage drive this undeniable meaning behind Gertrude Steins writing. Pamela Hades brings meaning to these words in a way that we can understand as one defined thing. I argue that the abstraction in Gertrude Steins writing is layered with meaning that we view like a painting and let the work lend itself to more than one definition. Through the manipulation of words Gertrude St ein creates cubist writing that is multidimensional. Pamela Hades flattens the magnitude of Gertrude Steins Tender Buttons. I believe that Hades article brings biographical elements that lend themselves to a stricter meaning of Gertrude Steins work. Many writers draw from their own lives when writing but I believe Steins true purpose is to create something new, innovative, and abstract. Hades defines Tender Buttons as: a story of how one lives with perceptions of change and differences of all sorts, from the unreliable meanings of language to those psychological differences between men and women, past and future, brother ND sisters, and signs of life among them. All these differences are reflected in the inhabiting perceptions that Stein bring to the objects, food, and rooms that constitute her most private life (Hades 61). Tender Buttons is not strictly Gertrude Steins private life but rather lifes universal simplicity, order, or lack thereof. I believe that Gertrude Steins work in Tender Buttons uses elements from art to build up her writing in a four dimensional world filled with imagery, sound, repetition, shapes, and color. Her words are like brush strokes and placed particularly to structure her ententes and paragraphs creating a style that is not strictly prose, or poetry, or essay. Therefore it cannot be confined to a traditional two dimensional approach to writing words on worlds with words word w. Around the time Gertrude Stein wrote Tender Buttons she was experiencing an emotionally driven relationship shift. Stein was very close with her brother and he ends up moving out of their house because Gertrude Stein had found the love of her life in a woman named, Alice B. Toasts. Leo Stein, Gertrude Steins brother, was very close to his sister growing up but was uncomfortable with his sisters open sexuality. Pamela Hades uses this biographical information to argue a good deal of the meaning behind Steins words and themes in Tender Buttons. The following exert from Gertrude Steins Tender Buttons is analyzed by Pamela Hades from a biographical stand point. Hades believes that this passage is about Steins personal relationships while I argue that this passage lends its meaning more to the human understanding of space and time and not Gertrude Steins struggles to balance her relationship with her brother and her lover, Alice Toasts. Pamela Hades writes: For Gertrude Stein the permanent relationship with Alice could be seen as restitution for the loss of Leo. In addition, the writing of Tender Buttons itself seems intended to fill a real or at least potential vacancy. Thus, A large box is handily made of what is necessary to replace any substance A custom which is necessary when a box is used and taken is that a large part of the time there are three which have different connections(Hades 66). I disagree with Hades that the use of three refers to Gertrude Stein, Leo Stein, and Alice. I find this to be an analysis of relationships in the universe as a whole. An article entitled, There is no there here: Gertrude Stein and Quantum Physics an article written by Jan D Creakiness supports my argument that Stein is writing about space and time. The article says that Steins writing shares a reinterpretation of physical reality that is strikingly similar to the way quantum physics interprets reality. Both Gertrude Stein and the study of quantum physics analyze life on a macroscopic level realizing the unavoidable structure of space and time commenting on the relationships that atoms and molecules have. How do the poets express their different attitudes towards love in their poems EssayThese small facets are like Steins macroscopic awareness of words for the objects she works with. Cubist art uses abstract techniques Just like Gertrude Stein giving her writing greater dimension. Jamie Wilder writes an article entitled After all one must know more than one sees and one does not see a cube in its entirety: Gertrude Stein and Picasso and Cubism that supports my argument in Gertrude Steins connection with Pablo Picasso which drove her writing to utilize cubist philosophy. Jamie Wilder writes: In 1938, Gertrude Stein published Picasso, a book which is part biography and part criticism of Pablo Picasso work and time. In it Stein claims l was alone at time in understanding him perhaps because I was expressing the same thing in literature. The comparison between Steins work in the period around Tender Buttons, the period of her literary portraiture, and cubist movement in painting that Picasso helped create has been a popular one in the history of her works critical reception. Hitler 67) These similarities in approach to art stem from their use of objects. Pablo Picasso famously depicts guitars into a line of artwork the same way Gertrude Stein depicts objects in Tender Buttons. Pablo Picasso guitars are a geometrical representation of the shapes associated with guitars but does not specifically look like a traditional guitar painted in a realistic way. Stein is multidimensional in her writing Just as Pablo Picasso is in his cubist artwork. Wendy Steiner describes the cubist forces behind Gertrude Steins writing and the intelligence that drives abstraction with a meaning that is more than Pamela Hades argues in her paper, Spreading the Difference: One Way to Read Gertrude Steins Tender Buttons: To think of history in a new way, not as a plotted narrative moving toward a resolution, but as a cubist painting whose elements maintain their heterogeneity-?objects people things, signs, the banal; the dramatic; the contemporaneous, the anachronism-?in the aesthetic structure of relations (Wilder 68). The innovation and versatility in Steins writing appears to be rooted in cubist philosophy. In This is This Dress, Eider we absolutely see what Wendy Steiner is describing by saying the heterogeneity in words. The word Eider has many possible connotations. Many believe Eider is a nickname for Alice; it can mean to aid her as in to help a girl; possibly a reference to the sexual disease AIDS and the spreading of this disease, maybe it is the British pronunciation of idea; or maybe its a noun for someone who is a helper. Each of these interpretations works and helps to add to the depths of her writing. The words she uses are picked one by one to create this meaning that is multidimensional. Jamie Wilder points out that because the word lends itself to many pronunciations the reader may begin to Just see a chain of teeters and these; possible pronunciations resist visualization in a manner similar to the way a cubist canvas resists organized viewing by exploiting intersecting planes and simultaneous perspectives, and eliminating the vanishing point (Wilder 70). The layers of her work make it no wonder that so many readers struggle with Tender Buttons so much. Each section of this work is its own picture intended to be looked at, sounded out, and interpreted through many perspectives. Even the title of Tender Buttons makes it clear that Gertrude Steins writing is concerned with more than what is simply on the surface. What is a tender button is it sexual; is it sensitive; is it beauty barely held together; or does it have to be one way in this Steins multidimensional writing? The magnitude that Gertrude Stein understood is amazing: If the movement takes place on the surface, then all things become equal (Hitler 75). She did not intend her work to be superficial. Gertrude Stein resisted traditional writing due to her interest of philosophical awareness. Stein expressed deep thought into the workings of the universe and life rejecting the scientific method because of its limits to popular perception. Gertrude Stein was not rely a traditional poet with structured boundaries that we can enclose her in like Pamela Hades proposes. Stein is a hybrid thinker that cant be put in a box because she is thinking outside of this box, this object becoming a true definition for modern artist. Gertrude Stein and her work in Tender Buttons is multidimensional and cannot be analyzed in textbook writing standards. Her writing provides more than a possible glimpse of what she experienced in her life and is more complex than Pamela Hades gives her credit for in the article, Spreading the Difference: One Way to Read Gertrude Steins Tender Buttons. Through philosophical understanding, range of magnitude in dimension and time, repetition, and other unique elements Gertrude Stein creates writing that is in many ways like cubist art.

Actions and Behavior of the President Essay Example For Students

Actions and Behavior of the President Essay The broad language of the second article of the Constitution left manyquestions about the power and authority of the President and the Executivebranch of the Federal Government. Since George Washington, each Chief Executivehas come to the position with different beliefs on the responsibility and powerof the President. However the performance of the president is often shaped byoutside factors which control how he must act as a Chief Executive. Thebehavior of presidents come from a number of different criteria. A presidentspersonal character, his approach to the position and circumstances during histerm all contribute to presidential behavior. Presidents have approached the office from two vague positions. Theyhave believed, to varying degrees, that either the president has a strongleadership position and broad powers to direct the nation in one direction, orthat the president has very limited powers dictated by the Constitution andshould act like a chief administrator for the Federal Government. These beliefswere reflected in their behavior while in the White House. Franklin Rooseveltbelieved that the Federal Government had an obligation and interest in bringingthe nation out of the depression. In order to do this he initiated a number ofagencies and projects to employ people. In the first Hundred Days ofRoosevelts first term he initiated a number of programs which increased thesize of the Federal Government and the power of the President. He did all thathe could to see that his proposals were put into place. This included a failedcourt packing scheme to have a more friendly Supreme Court to find his programsconstitutiona l (Lowi and Ginsberg230.) In contrast to this belief in broad presidential authority by FranklinRoosevelt was Howard Taft. Taft believed that Presidential authority was verylimited the constitution and had to be specifically granted to the President byCongress or the Constitution (Lowi and Ginsberg 220.) Another example of apassive approach to the presidency to is George Washington. While he is oftenseen as a very influential president, his position as the first Presidentrequire that he had to set many standards. In fact President Washington hopedthat the presidency would not be dominate. In his inaugural address he arguedfor a strong legislature which he received (Lowi and Ginsburg 227.) However,personal beliefs on the role of the president have been minor in the behavior ofa President. When required all Presidents have assumed power to quickly dealwith a situation. A Presidents personality and beliefs are also a factor in determininghis actions as a President. Barber argues that a persons personality is shapedby his character, world view, and style all of which are established atdifferent times in his life. He argues that a persons character is establishedearly in life, world view is shaped adolescence, and style in early adulthood. These broad areas of personality come together to establish a style ofleadership and presidential character. Barber goes on to establish fourcategories of Presidential Character which are; active-positive, active-negative,passive-positive, passive-negative. Jefferson was clearly an active-positivepresident who was proactive and enjoyed the power which he had. Barberexplains this by his Enlightenment education and good humor. Adams would fitinto his category of active-negative presidents who had a strong work ethic (aresult of his Puritan heritage) but a harsh disposition. Madison can be fitinto the place of passive-positive. He bowed to political pressure, but enjoyedhis position because of his past in framing and support for the Constitution. Finally a passive-negative president would be President Washington who was moreor less forced into the office. He hoped for stability in the new governmentand allowed others to take an active role in forming the institutions of thegovernment. His military background and obligation to perform community serviceexplain this approach to community service (Woll 291-300.)While Barber issuccessful is placing presidents into these categories, he gives very vagueexamples of character which explain their behavior as a president. It would bedifficult to successfully predict how future presidents would fit into hiscategories and they are too broad to explain behavior of presidents. .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .postImageUrl , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:visited , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:active { border:0!important; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:active , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lincolns Journey to Emancipation EssayPresidential behavior can also be seen in historical terms that thestature and power of the president has increased with the growth of the FederalGovernment. Since the early twentieth century through the present day theFederal Government has grown in scope and size with almost each President. Thisis also true with the United States in the area of international relations. Presidents in the last century have taken a much larger part in legislatureleadership because of the nature of their election process. Presidents such asReagan and Clinton ran on specific programs which they would implement. Reaganacted in an active legislative way by proposing a tax cut and increased militaryspending, both of which he achieved. Clinton tried to accomplish health carereform as well as welfare reform. Both of these types of legislative leadershipwere different from the actions of Madison who was viewed as a chief clerk(Lowi and Ginsburg 228.) Since Franklin Roosevelt the Federal Government hasprovided a wide array of services and regulations for the American public. Thishas resulted in a growth of the executive branch. The President has had toincrease his role in developing policy as leader of the executive branch. Thegrowth of the United States into a global power has also changed the behavior ofthe President. His almost complete control over foreign policy has made him themost powerful diplomat in the world. This explanation, however, only shows thedifference in the character of the office of the presidency in the past century. How each individual president fits into this pattern is left unexplained. The most important consideration in explaining presidential behavior isoutside circumstances and events. The nature of the office is for the presidentto be a reactionary on many different fronts. For the most part the legislationthat the president proposes is in response to a problem or concern by the publicor the media. The president must react to international events which may effectAmerican interests. Presidents who want to take a proactive approach toproblems are often bogged down with problems which derail their plans. President Kennedy was forced to devote most of his time to Cold War issuesduring his presidency than domestic affairs because he found himself in powerduring two of the biggest events of the Cold War. The failed Bay of PigsInvasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis forced Kennedy away from domestic issueswhich he promised to tackle. Hoovers presidency was completely derailedbecause of the depression. Lincoln focused himself completely at the task ofkeeping the Union, even if this meant blatant violations of civil liberties. While circumstances may dictate what a President must deal with, it does notnecessarily explain how he comes to a position on issues and deals with problems. The behavior of a President can only be explained as a combination ofmany factors. His personal politics and approach to the power of the Presidencywill explain if he will try to lead the whole government and beyond that thewhole nation, or if he will act as a clerk, putting into action the orders ofCongress. A Presidents character and style of leadership are an importantfactor in his approach to leadership. The size and duty of the FederalGovernment also effect a Presidents behavior and the priorities of his office. Finally a President must react to events at home and abroad which are out of hiscontrol. The pressures that these events and the public reaction to themprobably have the greatest influence over his behavior and decisions. Actions and behavior of a President are the result of a complex set ofcircumstances. No one criteria can be used to explain the behavior of thepresident in any event. Explaining actions on the basis of one criteria isfutile and should be reserved to talk radio hosts. Category: History